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Advanced Renewable Tariffs in France
Under the French system of Advanced Renewable Tariffs, solar PV projects are limited to no more than 12 MW. See the official documents for a description. Projects cannot be located any closer to each other than 0.5 km to prevent gaming the system. This restriction may be revisited in Grenelle 2 in the summer of 2009.
When the program was launched in 2001, wind was also limited to no more than 12 MW per project. This restriction was lifted in the 2006 revisions for wind projects in zone de développement de l'éolien.
Why 12 MW is the limit has more to do with French post-war history and the French labor movement than any particular technical reason.
My thanks to Bernard Chabot for the explanation and for most of the links below.
- French Solar PV Installations Now Rival Those in California--Double Per Capita Those in USA . . . Predominantly Rooftop Distributed Generation . . . Once a laggard in renewable energy, France now rivals California in total installed capacity of solar photovoltaics (solar PV). . .
- Le Figaro: France Exiting Nuclear by 2033 Upsets the Balance--French Socialist Party candidate for President François Hollande says France could cut its dependence on nuclear to 50% by 2025. . .
- Liberation: French NGO Calls for France to Exit Nuclear by 2033--negaWatt (nW) "drops a bomb on French energy policy" with detailed plans to substitute conservation and renewables for nuclear power, says the French newspaper. . .
- negaWatt Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear with Conservation and Renewables
- Liberation: Siemans Abandons Nuclear Power
--The giant German supplier will no longer build nuclear power plants or its components. The article, in French, appeared in one of France's leading national newspapers. It was Liberation that recently published Martine Aubry's position paper proposing that France follow Germany's lead on exiting nuclear power and turning to renewable energy instead.
- Candidate for French Presidency Martine Aubry says France must phase out nuclear in her lifetime--and build more wind and solar, increase efficiency, implement reverse block rate structure, and in effect emulate German industrial development. . . However, Aubry has to win her party's nomination, then win the presidential election. . .
- Craig Morris: France announces solar feed-in tariffs retroactively--Last Thursday, France's Energy Regulatory Commission published the country's feed-in tariffs for systems up to 100 kilowatts. The rates apply for systems that apply for grid connections from July 1 to September 30 of this year. In other words, if you applied for a grid connection over the past three weeks, you only now know how much you will be getting per kilowatt-hour. . .
- FT: France aims to rebalance its energy mix--France will on Monday begin a big push on renewable energy that could signal a weakening in the traditional hold of nuclear power over a country that has long led the field in atomic energy. . .
- Some French Conservatives Questioning Nuclear Power--The solid block of support for nuclear power among French elites is showing signs of strain. In an unusual development, Parisian newspaper Liberation published two side-by-side articles about French political figures on the right who question nuclear power in the wake of the Italian referendum on new nuclear plants. . .
- Flexible French FITs: Higher Biogas--Lower PV Tariffs Coming--In late February, the French government proposed to substantially raise feed-in tariffs for biogas, while dropping tariffs for solar photovoltaics (solar PV) by an equivalent amount. . .
- French Community Solar with Feed-in Tariffs--Énergie renouvelable citoyenne 2010 . . .
- Over Cost of French Renewable Tariffs Negative in 2008--Flying in the face of conventional wisdom that renewables are expensive, the cost of French feed-in tariffs for renewable energy over and above the cost of conventional fuels was negative in 2008. . .
- 2010 French Tariffs Raise Price for Solar, Geothermal, and Biomass--France has introduced new feed-in tariffs for 2010. These include substantially higher geothermal, biomass, and building integrated solar PV tariffs than in 2009. . .
- Some Facts on the Electricity Heating Crisis in France December 2009--Two excellent documents have been released by the Association négaWatt in France. These reflect on the electricity crisis in France during the cold spell just prior to Christmas, 2009 caused by the unchecked growth of electric heating. . .
- Conservative French Government Again Proposes Higher Solar PV Tariffs--For the second time within twelve months the French Government of conservative President Nicolas Sarkozy has proposed raising the feed-in tariff for solar PV in the coming year. . .
- European Union Directive on Renewable Energy 23 April 2009--The Directive binds EU members to renewable energy targets. The target for France is 23% of final energy consumption, that is, heat, electricity, and liquid fuels, by 2020.
- Grenelle de l'environnement (1) 3 August 2009--French law acknowledging the 23% renewable target and specifically lists a target for wind energy of 25,000 MW, and for Solar PV of 5,300 MW by 2020. These targets are so high that analysts consider that France has no cap on the contribution of wind and solar PV in the mid term.
- EU Template for National Renewable Energy Action Plans under Directive 2009/28/EC--France will have to submit a detailed plan by June 2010 for how it plans to meet its EU renewable targets.
- Background on and Publications of Bernard Chabot, Engineer
- Development of Renewable Energies: What Contribution from the Carbon Market Cécile Bordier, Caisse des Dépôts, December 2008 (Report includes the overcost from the French system of Advanced Renewable Tariffs and compares the overcost to that in Great Britain.)
- Higher Solar Feed-in Tariffs Part of Aggressive New French PV Program
- French Solar Industry Calls for Higher Feed-in Tariffs
- France Implements New Renewable Tariffs for Solar, Wind, and Biogas July, 2006
- Fair
and Efficient Rates for Large Scale Development of Wind Power: the New
French Solution by Bernard Chabot & Bernard Saulnier (doc)
- French Renewable Tariff Law en Francais
- Advanced Tariff Systems for Rapid Uptake of Renewable Energy and the French Experience by Bernard Chabot (pdf)
- Some Characterstics and Lessons from the French Renewable Tariffs by Bernard Chabot (ppt)
- Defining advanced wind energy tariffs systems to specific locations and applications:
lessons from the French tariff system and examples
(doc)
- French Electricity FeedLaw for Wind Energy en français
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