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Renewable Energy Tariffs in Germany
The
articles listed below are in English. However, this site contains a
number of technical papers and reports in German. For these documents
follow the link below auf Deutsch.
General Documents in English
- Karl-Friedrich Lenz: Germany exporting electricity to France--Germany has shut down many nuclear power plants. France, in contrast, has still a very large nuclear capacity. So one might expect that Germany needs to pull some power from the reliable French nuclear plants to make up for the fact that German solar power is not contributing anything in this season. One would be wrong. . .
- Global Finance: World's Safest Bank is Germany's KfW--The German Bank for Reconstruction (KfW), the same bank that backs much of Germany's wind and solar plants, has been named the world's safest bank. . .
- Germans willing to pay for green power--Germany currently has the highest power prices within the EU – by far, in fact. But a recent survey conducted by the German Association of Municipal Utilities finds that an overwhelming majority of Germans are willing to pay the price as long as they get green power in return. . .
- Craig Morris: Blinded by the German Mirror--On Wednesday, Germany's Der Spiegel published a critique of the country's solar policy. The magazine, whose name means The Mirror, claims that Germans support solar blindly, but the weekly has a history of blind reports on renewables itself. . . Der Spiegel is one of Germany's main news weeklies, equivalent to Time or Newsweek in the US or the Economist in the UK. Strangely for a country where popular and political support for renewables has led to such impressive results on the market, Der Spiegel continues to publish silly, populist criticism instead of productive, insightful analyses. The recent article entitled "Reevaluating Germany's blind faith in the sun" is the latest example. . .
- "Citizen Power" Conference to be held in Historic Chamber Where World's First Feed-in Law Was Enacted--Germany, a country where 51% of the renewable energy generation is owned by its own citizens, will be hosting an international conference on community power 3-5 July, 2012 in Bonn, the former capital. The conference will be held in the historic chamber where the world's first feed-in law was enacted, the former home of the Bundestag, Germany's parliament. . .
- Bloomberg: Germany Abandons Coal... Slowly--The power industry plans in decades, not years. The German numbers released last week should be read in that context. Coal, despite multibillion-dollar new builds like RWE's, is on its way out. . .
- Bloomberg: Germany’s Renewable Output Beats Nuclear, Hard Coal in Power Mix--Germany produced more energy from renewable sources than from nuclear, hard-coal or gas-fired plants this year after boosting investments in projects from wind to biomass. . .
- Don Shelby: As U.S. dawdles, Germany is thinking 40 years out--Last month 18 Minnesotans traveled to Germany to meet with politicians, utility and business operators, and renewable-energy providers. Rolf Nordstrom, executive director of the Great Plains Institute, was one of the Minnesotans on the tour. He knows a great deal about energy. He told me, "I thought I knew a lot, but I found out I didn't know as much as I thought.". .
- Power Engineering: Wind surge pushes two German gas fired plants to the brink--Statkraft AS may have to shut two gas fired power plants in northern Germany due to the region’s surging wind capacity, according to the energy group’s markets head. . .
- Craig Morris: Storing excess renewable power as gas--This week, Germany's Network Agency and Fraunhofer IWS held a workshop in Berlin on renewable power to gas. In cooperation with the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research of Baden-Württemberg (ZSW), a concept was worked up: "Our simulations show that a 100% supply of renewable power would require up to two weeks at a time to be bridged during the winter. The only option for such long-term fluctuations is fluids and gases, such as hydrogen and methane," explains Jürgen Schmid, director of Fraunhofer IWES. While this gas would be quite expensive – probably twice as much as the electricity used to produce it – Germany's natural gas network could easily store several weeks of "renewable gas," thereby offsetting consumption of natural gas in the process. This approach would also provide at least some renewable fuel for vehicles, thereby killing two birds with one stone. . .
- Energy Matters: Germany's Millionth Solar Power System Installed--21 years after an ambitious program was launched in Germany to promote the uptake of solar, the nation's 1 millionth solar panel array has been installed. . .
- Craig Morris: Solar debate heats up in Germany--Germany's Environmental Ministry has also called the forecast "greatly exaggerated" and expects the surcharge to remain relatively stable or only rise slightly over the next two years. The officials point out that the forecast also includes a liquidity reserve – and they remind everyone that the grid operators were already far off the mark in their previous forecast. The environmental officials say 125 terawatt-hours in 2013 (compared to the current 100 terawatt-hours) is a more realistic forecast of the increase in renewable power generated. The Ministry says there is no need to take action in photovoltaics because there is already a "corridor" within which feed-in tariffs are automatically adjusted based on market growth. And of course, it should be pointed out for foreign readers that Germany is not thinking of doing away with feed-in tariffs overall, as the press in the US often misconstrues discussions; rather, Germany is merely discussing whether a ceiling should be imposed on photovoltaics. . .
- New German Solar PV Tariffs the Price to Beat Worldwide--Solar PV will be cheaper than German Offshore Wind--California Equivalent Tariffs Reach 16 US cents/kWh--57% Reduction in Solar Tariffs in 8 Years--German 2011 Solar PV Installations to Approach 5,000 MW. . .
- Craig Morris: Citizen-owned green power in Germany--In the US, the growth of renewables remains largely dependent on the involvement of utilities, with average Americans not able to become power producers. Not so in Germany, whose Big Four utilities make up less than 7% of green power generation. It turns out that “private persons” (meaning individuals investing in solar roofs or purchasing shares of local solar, wind and biomass projects) own 40% of green power generators in Germany. The second biggest group is “project developers” – who collect funds from communities – at 14 percent, followed closely by “farmers” at 11 percent and “businesses” (stores and offices) at 9 percent. . .
- Craig Morris: Cost of renewables remains stable in Germany--Last year, the surcharge to cover the cost of feed-in tariffs for renewables in Germany rose tremendously but was expected to taper off and possibly even drop this year. On Friday, Germany's Network Agency announced the official figures. Germany's Network Agency has announced that the surcharge for feed-in tariffs in Germany will increase marginally as of January 1, 2012, up from the current 3.53 to 3.59 cents per kilowatt-hour. . .
- Craig Morris: Germany specifies 2012 PV reductions--Germany's Network Agency has announced that solar feed-in tariffs will be reduced by 15 percent for systems installed after January 1, 2011, putting photovoltaics at the level of retail power in the cloudy Germany far sooner than anyone would have dreamed of when the policy was implemented only seven years ago. . .
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Solutions: How Germany Became Europe’s Green Leader: A Look at Four Decades of Sustainable Policymaking--The German success in rapid renewable-energy deployment relies on a robust feed-in tariff law and an overall comprehensive climate and energy framework with a long-term perspective. This policy environment comes with streamlined administrative procedures that help shorten lead times and bureaucratic overhead and that minimize project costs. All of the above create a high investment certainty that the United States overall and most of its states independently currently lack. . .
- Craig Morris: Germany's FIT surcharge--Next month, Germany's Network Agency will be announcing the surcharge that is passed on to power consumers in order to cover feed-in tariffs for renewables. It seems that the charge might rise instead of dropping. . .
- Germany Continues Exporting Electricity--Renewables Driving Down Power Prices--Despite Closing Reactors--Recent data shows Germany continues to export electricity despite closing seven nuclear reactors. Meanwhile Bloomberg reports that continued renewable energy expansion in Germany is driving down power prices. . .
- Germany Sets New Renewable Energy Record in 2011--Solar PV Generates More Electricity than Hydro . . . Renewable Energy Nears 21% of Supply . . .
- Deutsche Bank Examines German PV FITs--One of the world's largest banks has issued a report examining how to design feed-in tariffs for solar photovoltaics (solar PV) that ensure rapid development while minimizing cost to ratepayers. . .
- Germany Passes New Renewable Energy Law for 2012--Ups Renewable Energy Target: 35% to 40% by 2020 . . . Raises Payments for Biomass, Geothermal, & Offshore Wind . . . Despite widespread rumors in North America that Germany was abandoning its system of Advanced Renewable Tariffs, the country's upper chamber of parliament, the Bundesrat, approved the latest revision of its pioneering Renewable Energy Sources Act on July 8, 2011. . .
- Craig Morris: Small German solar roofs still cheaper than US utility PV--While the recent forecast published by Solarbuzz has drawn a lot of attention because it found 17 gigawatts in the pipeline, perhaps the most interesting finding is that even utility-scale photovoltaics remains more expensive in the US than the smallest residential systems in Germany. . .
- Epoch Times: Tallying the Unknown Costs of Germany's Nuclear Power Sector--When the historic vote passed with an overwhelming majority in the Bundestag last week, it was hardly noticed. Yet the new law ends what newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung called Germany’s "30-year war" over nuclear power. After decades of heated confrontation, nuclear energy will no longer be one of the main divisive issues for Germans anymore. . .
- Reuters: What the U.S. can learn from Germany to promote clean power--Eicke Weber said the subsidies favored by Americans don’t provide enough incentives to reduce the cost of going solar quick enough. For example, a policy that promises profits for anyone who installs solar, from homeowners to project developers, is far more appealing than rebates and tax credits. Weber also pointed out that a residential solar system in Germany is priced at $3.50 per watt while the price is around $7.50 per watt in California, the largest solar market in the U.S. . .
- Germany: A cleantech case study for a post-Fukushima world by Chris Turner--In the wake of the worst nuclear disaster in a generation, Germany doubled down on a decade of success, pledging to eliminate nukes by 2022 and switch almost exclusively to renewable power by 2050. A report from the front lines. . .
- Germany to Substantially Increase Geothermal Feed-in Tariffs--Germany wants to do for geothermal energy what it has done for wind, solar photovoltaics, and biogas by raising its payment for geothermally-generated electricity in 2012. . .
- Craig Morris: German FITs for PV to reman unchanged in 2011--Germany's Network Agency announced its estimate for installed capacity in 2011. At around 2,800 megawatts, Germany would fall short of its target of 3,500 megawatts, so there will be no further cuts in feed-in tariffs for PV this year. . .
- German Institute for Economic Research: German Electricity Prices: Only Modest Increase Due to Renewable Energy expected--Consumer prices for electricity in Germany have risen considerably in recent years.
These price increases are partially attributable to a strong rise in the apportionment for the promotion of renewable electricity in accordance with the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). The EEG apportionment and associated VAT currently account for approximately one-sixth of household spending on electricity. Yet the increasing generation of power from renewables leads to decreased wholesale electricity prices. As a result, the net burden on the consumer – given effective competition – is lower than the apportionment. . .
- "We Can Do It" Says German Environment Agency on Nuclear Phase Out--The Conservative German government has issued a 14-page document outlining how Germany can close all its reactors by 2017 and keep the lights on. . .
- Craig Morris: Up in arms over new German FITs--Proponents of renewables in Germany are not the only ones upset about the proposed changes – now, environmental protectionists have joined the fray. . .
- Craig Morris: German moratorium on nuclear to become permanent--Germany's governing coalition decided that eight of the country's 17 nuclear plants currently off-line will never be going back online. Proponents of renewables are nonetheless concerned about proposed cuts to feed-in tariffs for onshore wind and photovoltaics. . .
- Craig Morris: Berlin is slowing down the switch to renewables--In the first week of May, the German Environmental Ministry presented its review of the Renewable Energy Act. In an interview with Renewables International, Hermann Albers, president of the German Wind Energy Association (BWE) explains why the proposal could endanger the onshore wind sector. . .
- PV Magazine: True cost of nuclear insurance examined in new study--If these costs were reallocated to consumers, then there would be an increase in the price for electricity generated by nuclear power plants of between €0.139 and €2.36 for each kilowatt-hour for a period of commitment of 100 years. . .
- Craig Morris: Can renewables replace nuclear? More nuclear plants off-line in Spain and Germany--Over the weekend, nuclear power plant operators switched off a large number of nuclear plants in Spain and Germany in addition to the ones already taken off-line. Experts disagree about what the effects will be. . .
- The Local: German Power grid going increasingly nuclear-free--German electricity will be largely nuclear-free from this weekend, when a power plant is taken off-line for maintenance leaving just four of the country's 17 nuclear generators operating. . .
- Craig Morris: German Ethics Commission Calls for End of Nuclear Power by 2021--Just a day after Japan announced an about-face on its nuclear policy, it seems that Germany is also poised to phase out nuclear even faster. Just over a decade ago, the coalition government between the SPD and the Greens resolved to phase out nuclear roughly by 2022, but the Ethics Commission has now recommended that nuclear be phased out by 2021. . .
- Craig Morris: The German economy continues to roar on after the recent economic crisis. Renewables are one reason--All of these figures show the reliability of the German investment environment for renewables. In contrast, the US wind market collapsed by 50 percent last year in terms of growth. And I seriously doubt that anyone has any idea how much solar was actually installed in the US anyway – it's all just rough estimates. . .
- Grist: Germans pay extra for clean energy—is it worth it? by David Roberts--When EEG was passed, the Greens responsible for writing it proclaimed that they intended to double the percentage of Germany's power coming from renewables within 10 years. They were roundly mocked as unrealistic. And they were indeed wrong: between 1999 and 2009, German renewables tripled, from 5.4 to 16.4 percent. . .
- Reuters: German utilities group favours 2020 nuclear exit--The leader of Germany's BDEW utility industry association said on Friday for the first time that the group favoured a speedy and complete exit from nuclear power by 2020. . .
- Solarserver: Conergy builds 2.2MW solar PV park in northern Germany in record time--In the north of Brandenburg, 50 kilometers north-west of Berlin, the Hamburg-based solar experts have built a 2.2 megawatt solar park. In a record time of just six weeks . . .
- Craig Morris on Nuclear in Germany: What a difference a decade makes--To anyone who cares to look, Germany demonstrates that a switch to renewables is possible. When Germany decided to replace nuclear with renewables a decade ago, it only had around two percent renewable electricity. Last year, Germany installed an additional one percent of its power supply as photovoltaics alone. The country currently gets more than a sixth of its electricity from renewables. Thanks to feed-in tariffs, the share of renewable electricity is growing by nearly 2 percentage points per year. . .
- Heinrich BÕell Foundation: Fukushima: Learning from Experience--The phase-out does not mean that the lights will go out in Germany. On the contrary, the accelerated phase-out of nuclear energy will prepare the ground for increased investment in renewable energies, which are already the technology of the future. . .
- New Record for German Renewable Energy in 2010--As the nuclear reactor accident at the Fukushima Daiichi plant continues to dominate the world's attention, Germany has quietly broken more renewable energy records. . . The conservative government of Chancellor Angela Merkel, struggling to stay ahead of public attitudes toward nuclear power in the run-up to regional elections, issued its annual report on the contribution of renewable energy to the German energy market in 2010. . .
- North German State to Double Wind Energy on Land--Conservatives Increasing New Renewables from 50% to 100% of Electricity. . . With one of the highest concentrations of wind generating capacity in Europe--if not the world--the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein plans to double the amount of wind energy it generates from wind turbines on land. . .
- Status of Feed-in Tariffs in Europe 2010--The use of feed-in tariffs (FITs) to pay for renewable generation now overwhelmingly dominates European renewable energy policy, according to the most recent meeting of the International Feed-in (tariff) Cooperation council (IFIC). . .
- Solar Server: Pathways Towards a 100% Renewable Electricity System--The German Advisory Council on the Environment has published a Special Report which shows how a reliable, affordable and completely renewable power supply can be achieved in Germany and in Europe. The report also makes recommendations for the further development of the German feed-in-tariff law, especially in view of promoting a cost- optimized renewable electricity portfolio by 2050. . .
- Agreement reached on new German (PV) feed-in tariff, maximum 12% regression--Fears of further aggressive cuts to the German feed-in tariff (EEG) mid-year, on the back of installations exceeding 6,000 MW in 2010, would seem to have been averted with industry and government provisional agreement on a new tariff structure. Although yet to be ratified into law, the new FiT structure limits regression to a maximum of 12% in July, should installations reach 6,500 MW from March-May (normalized annually). . .
- Roland Berger: Directions for the Solar Economy in Germany --The solar industry will be a key pillar in the system transformation to clean and independent power generation based on 100% renewable energies in Germany and around the world. . . Install 52,000 MW to 70,000 MW photovoltaic capacity by 2020. . .
- ATKearney: The True Value of Photovoltaics for Germany--Photovoltaics accelerates the trend towards a distributed power system and drives investment in smart grid solutions in which power generation is effectively reconciled with electricity consumption. PV thereby enables households, individual investors and municipal authorities to play an active role in this structural transition. . .
- Craig Morris: Backlash against solar in Germany?--Germany will break all records this year with a newly installed photovoltaic capacity twice as high as in 2009, which was itself a full 50 percent above the previous record held by Spain in 2008 – the one that led the Spanish market to crash when jittery politicians slashed the program in haste. How will German politicians respond? The short answer: with a lot more prudence than readers in the UK or the US might expect, where roller coaster rides in policies to support renewables are nothing new. . .
- Germany: renewable electricity output rises by 7.8% in 2010--Wind turbines accounted for 37.5bnkWh or 6.2% of total power output, down from the 38.6bnkWh seen in 2009. By contrast, PV solar facilities grew dramatically with generation rising by 82% to around 12bnkWh from the 6.6bnkWh seen in the previous year. As a result, PV solar now accounts for around 2% of German power generation. The strong growth has been driven by a combination of a generous feed-in-tariff system and drop in solar panel prices, which in turn has come from greater economies of scale. . .
- Germany Adds Nearly 1% of Electricity Supply with Solar in Eight Months--Seemingly determined to put an end to speculation that solar photovoltaics (PV) can't "scale" quickly enough to make a dent in electricity consumption, the German solar industry continues to break records. . .
- Bloomberg: Solar Doubling Drives Down German Power Prices--Germany is installing 10 times as much solar power capacity this year as the U.S. . .
- Giant Germany Utility Swears Off New Coal--RWE, one of Germany's biggest utilities, has announced it will not build any more new coal plants. . .
- Germany's Renewable Energy Agency Current Facts and Figures--a short compendium of official statistics on German renewables . . .
- German Energy goal for 2050: 100% renewable electricity supply--Germany’s electricity supply could make a complete switch to renewable energies by 2050. The technology already available on the market could make this possible even today, but it requires that electricity be used and produced very efficiently says the federal environmental agency. . .
- EurActiv: EU Energy Commissioner Oettinger backs EU-wide renewables feed-in tariff-- The commissioner praised the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) for guaranteeing "a fair price" for renewable energy, urging Europe to adopt something similar. "I think we need a European EEG," the German suggested. . .
- Renewable Energy World: German FIT Reduction Deal Reached--Thereby, the reductions which will be backdated to July 1, 2010 are as follows: 13% for rooftop systems, 12% for open-space systems, 8% for surfaces designated for land use change. All three tariffs are to be decreased again by three percentage points from October 1, 2010 (Cropland is still prohibited). . .
- Germany Installs More Solar PV in First Quarter than US in 2009--Germany installed more solar photovoltaics (PV) in the first quarter of 2010 than the US installed in all of 2009. . .
- Germany to Raise Solar Target for 2010 and to Adjust PV Tariffs--The German political establishment has agreed to substantially raise the target installation rate of solar photovoltaic (solar PV) systems from 1,100 MW-1,700 MW per year in 2010 to 2,500 MW-3,500 MW per year. Parliament will also reduce solar PV tariffs across the board to reflect a dramatic drop in the cost of solar PV panels and will eliminate one tariff tranche: groundmounted systems on crop land. . .
- UPI: German renewable industry booming-- Countering Germany's overall economic trend, the renewable energy industry boomed in 2009, supplying more than 10 percent of the country's energy for the first time. "We have made delightful progress," German Environment Minister Norbert Roettgen (CDU) said. . .
- Happy Birthday, feed-in tariffs! by Craig Morris--10 years ago today, Germany adopted its Renewable Energy Act. . . while North Americans struggle to get their heads around the policy, feed-in tariffs have practically taken over the world. . .
- Reuters: German CSU wants delays in solar incentive cuts--The Christian Social Union, Bavarian sister party to Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats, wants to delay cuts in incentives for solar power planned for April 1. . .
- Reuters Blogs: Catching rays + cutting emissions by Erik Kirschbaum--Two years ago, after writing this feature on why Germany leads the world in photovoltaic electricity production despite being covered by clouds half the time, I decided to crack open my piggy bank and borrow some money on top of that to invest in a modest 6.8 kWp solar power system for my roof (below left). I added a carport (above right) so that I could put up more solar panels. . .
- Summary Statistics of Emissions Avoided, Fossil Fuels Offset, Imports Avoided, and Overall Cost Savings in Germany during 2008 from Feed-in Tariffs--The following are just some of the data found in a report by the German government on the development of renewable energy. The data should put the lie to (but probably won't) il-informed or malicious charges that renewable energy development in Germany either doesn't offset any emissions of global warming gasses or doesn't offset the burning of any fossil fuels. . .
- Germany Installs 2.34GW, FIT to Decline 9-11% by Ucilia Wang, Greentech Media--Demand in Germany has picked up since mid-year. The new ruling coalition seeks to calm fears of a cut to the country’s solar incentives. . .
- Craig Morris German PV Investment Summary--Chart explaining the benefits of investment in German solar PV. . .
- German coalition steers away from solar tariff cuts--The recently elected German coalition government has dropped plans for major cuts to solar photovoltaic (PV) feed-in tariffs. . .
- Grist: Why solar won’t topple in Germany by Craig Morris--Since the new center-right coalition won the elections a few weeks ago in Germany, onlookers from the U.S. have been expecting the country to drastically cut its support for solar. . .
- Reuters: New German government won't slash solar power rates--Germany's conservatives and their Free Democrat allies will reform the Renewable Energy Act (EEG) but cuts for solar power rates will be modest to prevent harming the fast-growing industry, a coalition source said on Sunday. . .
- German Energy Consumer Association opposes cuts in solar rates--The Association of German Energy Consumers opposes a drastic cut in compensation for PV arrays. A dramatic reduction in the feed-in rate would be fatal for the PV sector and destroy the momentum of previous years overnight. . .
- CDU opposes strong cut in solar rates--A few days ago, CDU politician Tanja Gönner, who is "tipped to become federal environment minister," made the following statement about the future of solar rates in Germany in an interview . . .
- German libertarians go green (again) by Craig Morris--At its party conference on May 17, the FDP, Germany's Libertarian party, gave up its opposition to the country's Renewable Energy Act (EEG). A majority of party members voted to discontinue opposition in light of the jobs created by this law. . .
- Feed-in Tariff for Renewable Energies: An Effective Stimulus Package without New Public Borrowing by Hans-Josef Fell, member of the Deutscher Bundestag and co-author fo Germany's famous Renewable Energy Sources Act, on the significance of renewable energy in the current economic crisis.
- Let the Solar Shine In by Bruce Stokes, National Journal--Facing doubledigit
unemployment and few other prospects, city leaders decided to promote
renewable-energy technologies such as wind power and photovoltaics. . .
- Germany Reduces Carbon Dioxide with Renewables--The amount of Carbon Dioxide Offset in Germany during 2007 by Germany's Renewable Energy Sources Act and other sources by the German Ministry of the Environment. . .
- Wharton Business School: Why Germany Has the Inside Track to Lead a New Industrial Revolution--In 2008, even as Americans argue over whether renewable energy is a fantasy, Germany generated 14.2% of its electrical power from renewable resources. Already a leading player in so-called clean technology -- the mix of environmentally benign power generation and environmentally friendly technologies -- Germany may become the epicenter of the world's next industrial revolution: the triumph of clean, cheap, sustainable electricity. . .
- Germany: The World's First Major Renewable Energy Economy by Jane Burgermeister--Germany's Reichstag in Berlin is set to become the first parliamentary building in the world to be powered 100 percent by renewable energy. Soon the entire country will follow suit. Germany is accelerating its efforts to become the world's first industrial power to use 100 percent renewable energy -- and given current momentum, it could reach that green goal by 2050. . .
- BMU: Deutschland Roadmap Energiepolitik 2020 The original German source for the REW article above.
- IEA: Feed-in Tariffs More Effective and Cheaper than Quotas for Renewable Energy--The International Energy Agency (IEA) has never been known as a hot bed of progressive thought--it has long been dismissive of renewable energy for example--or accurate oil price forecasts for that matter. It has been consistently wrong on both for years if not decades. But who says you can't teach an old dog new tricks. . .
- Ernst & Young Find Feed-in Tariffs Cheaper Than Trading System--The international accounting firm, Ernst & Young, has concluded that Germany's system of feed-in tariffs delivers more renewable energy at lower cost to consumers than Britain's Renewable Obligation and its certificate trading system. . .
- Despite its damp climate, Germany has become the global leader in wind and solar power through a pioneering law. Now, Congress is weighing a similar bill. (Christian Science Monitor, August 20, 2008)
- The Merit Order Effect: A detailed analysis of the price effect of renewable electricity generation on spot market prices in Gemany by the Fraunhofer Institute (2007)
- German House of Commons Approves Higher Wind Tariffs, Stabilizes Solar Tariffs--The action is an expected part of the four-year review of Germany's groundbreaking Renewable Energy Sources Act. Every four years parliament reviews the program and the tariffs that are paid to each renewable energy technology. . .
- The Missing Piece in Climate Policy: Renewable Heat and Cooling in Germany and the U.S. (2008) (Note pages 47-52 on the use of the "Bonus Model" or feed-in tariffs)
- Solar Energy Study Tour to Germany and German Feed-in Tariff Policy: EcoMotion Network News Vol 11, Issue 8:
- Josef Pesch's Brief Review of Germany's Renewable Policy 2008--An excellent summary of the issues surrounding Germany's remarkable success using feed-in tariffs to promote the rapid development of significant amounts of renewable energy. . .
- Reuters: Cloudy Germany unlikely hotspot for solar power--Even though millions of Germans flee their damp, dark homeland for holidays in the Mediterranean sun, 55 percent of the world's photovoltaic (PV) power is generated on solar panels set up between the Baltic Sea and the Black Forest. . .
- Germany Upholds Groundbreaking Renewable Energy Law--Germany's Ministry for the Environment has issued revised rules for the country's groundbreaking Renewable Energy Sources Act. The new rules significantly increase the tariffs for offshore wind energy, hydroelectricity, and geothermal energy beginning in 2009. . .
- German Renewable Employment Reaches 214,000 in 2006
- German Solar PV for free Says Walter Fischer--In Germany, Walter Fischer argues, you can install solar for free. Yes, that's what he said. I didn't believe it either, so I asked the diminutive German how this was possible. . .
- Germany Installed 1,150 MW of Photovoltaics in 2006 Says Magazine
- German Feed Laws Power Nation to New Renewable Record in 2006
- Staggering Solar PV Growth in Germany in 2005
- Photon Magazine's Model Solar Photovoltaics Contract under Germany's EEG
- Summary of Feed-in systems in Germany and Spain--A Comparison by the Energy Economics Group of the Fraunhofer Institute
- Full Report of Feed-In Systems in Germany and Spain--A Comparison by the Energy Economics Group of the Fraunhofer Institute
- Feed-In Systems in Germany, Spain and Slovenia--A Comparison by the Energy Economics Group of the Fraunhofer Institute (2007)
- German Renewables Near 10% of Supply
- Current experience with supporting wind power in
European electricity markets by ISET, Kassel (pdf)
- The Economic Value of Predictability, by Jörg Böttcher, Landesbank Kiel (ppt)
- The
Economic Value of Predictability or How France could become Europe's
No. 1 Wind Country by Jörg Böttcher, Landesbank Kiel (doc)
Debunking Myths about Germany's EEG
Policy Overview & History
German Ministry for the Environment (BMU)
- Developmentof Renewable Energy Sources in Figures: National and International Development--BMU's 2009 annual report on the development of renewable energy in Germany containing installed capacity, generation, percentage of supply, and cost. . .
- Germany's Renewable Energy Agency Current Facts and Figures--a short compendium of official statistics on German renewables . . .
- Germany Ups Renewable Target--Again--In what is becoming a regular occurrence, Germany has again increased its target for renewable energy. In a meeting today the German cabinet voted to up the target to 20% of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption. . .
- BMU: Development of renewable energy sources in Germany 2009--Official statistics on the German Renewable Energy Industry in 2009 . . .
- BMU on the Potential of Renewable Energy in Germany: PV and Onshore Wind 100 TWh Each--In 2008 Germany produced 15% of its electricity with renewables. The German government estimates that it can supply 92% of its electricity from renewables in the future. . .
- Summary Statistics of Emissions Avoided, Fossil Fuels Offset, Imports Avoided, and Overall Cost Savings in Germany during 2008 from Feed-in Tariffs 2008--The following are just some of the data found in a report by the German government on the development of renewable energy. The data should put the lie to (but probably won't) il-informed or malicious charges that renewable energy development in Germany either doesn't offset any emissions of global warming gasses or doesn't offset the burning of any fossil fuels. . .
- Renewable energy sources in figures - national and international development June 2009--has been published annually by the German Environment Ministry (BMU) since 2002, and contains information on the development of renewable energy sources in Germany, the European Union and worldwide through 2008. . .
- Germany Cuts Carbon Emissions 106 Million Tons with Renewables . . .due to the deployment of renewable energy sources the emission of 106 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) had been avoided in 2007. . .
- German Renewable Energy Development in 2008: Summary
- German Renewable Energy Development in 2008: Stats (Charts and figures)
- German Experience with its Renewable Energy Sources Act
- Legal sources on renewable energy by the German Ministry for the Environment (BMU-RES Legal) for EU 25.
- 280,000 Jobs in Renewable Energy in Germany 2008
- EEG Cost Calculations methodologies: Extract from EEG Progress Report 2007, Chapter 15.1 (BMU)
- Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources: What Does it Cost Us? (March, 2008)
- EEG--The Renewable Energy Sources Act: The Success Story of Sustainable Polices for Germany BMU (July 2007)
-
Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Progress Report 2007
BMU
- Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Progress Report 2007 (Background Information)
- The financial impact of the development of electricity generation from renewable energies up to 2020 BMU (2007)
- What Electricity from Renewable Energies Cost BMU Abridged Version (2007)
- Effect of increased use of renewable energies on the German labour market BMU (2006)
- Evaluation of Different Feed-in Tariff Design Options and Best Practices by Germany's BMU (2007)
- What Electricity Costs from Renewable Energy in Germany 2006
- Renewable Energy Sources Act Financial Impact 2006-2020 (2007)
- Ecologically Optimized Extension of Renewable Energy Utilization
in Germany
BMU (2004)
- Summary of Main Elements of German Renewable Energy Sources Act (2004)
- The Way Forward: Renewable Energy in Germany by Dr. Martin Schöpe (ppt)
- Workshop on Renewable Energy Tariff Cooperation between Spain & Germany
BMU (2005)
- The German Renewable Energy Sources Act Objectives, Design & Achievements by Volker Oschmann, BMU
- German Energy Agency (Dena) on Renewable Energy Sources Act by Corinna Kleismann and Markus Kurdziel
(2005)
- The Experience of Germany with Photovoltaic Incentives by Christof Stein, BMFU
(2004)
- REnewable Energy: The Way Forward
BMU (2004)
- Renewable
energy sources in figures: national and international development
BMU (2004)
- Burden on electricity intensive industry by the EEG 2003
- Report on the status of the market introduction and the cost of
development for the production of electricity from renewable sources 2002
- Comparison of the external costs of electricity production in reference to the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG)
by Olav Hohmeyer (2001)
Renewable Energy Association (BEE)
Wind Association (BWE)
Solar Association (BSW)
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