|
|
Illustrations in Wind Power for Home & Business
-
Figure 2-1. Small wind turbines.
-
Figure 2-2. Extremely small wind machines.
-
Figure 2-3. With modern electronics, small wind turbines can perform several
tasks simultaneously.
-
Figure 2-4. Arrays of multiple wind turbines.
-
Figure 2-5. Wind machines have been traditionally used to pump water.
-
Figure 3-1. Mountain-valley winds.
-
Figure 3-2. Variation in wind speed over a ridge.
-
Figure 3-3. Historical monthly wind speed.
-
Figure 3-4. The relative size of commercially available small wind turbines.
-
Figure 3-5. Rayleigh wind speed distribution.
-
Figure 3-6. The power available to a wind machine increases with height.
-
Figure 3-7. Battelle map of annual average wind power for Minnesota.
-
Figure 3-8. The degree to which conifers have been deformed by the wind
can
-
be used as a rough gauge of average annual wind speed.
-
Figure 3-9. Anemometer, mast, and electronic recorder.
-
Figure 3-10. The serial data logger is used for electronically recording
-
wind measurements.
-
Figure 3-11. NRG Systems' lightweight, hinged anemometer mast simplifies
-
wind measurements at remote sites.
-
Figure 4-1. Dimensions necessary for finding the swept area of three wind
-
turbine configurations.
-
Figure 4-2. Nomenclature for power curve of the Bergey 1500, a small wind
machine 3 meters (10 feet) in diameter.
-
Figure 4-3. Power curve method of calculating annual energy output.
-
Figure 4-4. Annual energy output (AEO) curve for the Bergey Excel.
-
Figure 5-1. Relative cost of small wind turbines.
-
Figure 6-1. Horizontal- and vertical-axis wind turbines.
-
Figure 6-2. Upwind rotor.
-
Figure 6-3. During the 1970s and early 1980s several manufacturers built
wind machines with rotors downwind of the tower.
-
Figure 6-4. Detail of Darrieus rotor with nomenclature.
-
Figure 6-5. Darrieus configurations.
-
Figure 6-6. Giromill or cycloturbine.
-
Figure 6-7. Panemone.
-
Figure 6-8. Multiblade farm windmill.
-
Figure 6-9. Savonius rotor.
-
Figure 6-10. A hybrid device that uses the lift created by a spinning cylinder
demonstrates the Magnus effect.
-
Figure 6-11. Airfoil performance is gauged by the ratio of lift to drag.
-
Figure 6-12. Taper and twist.
-
Figure 6-13. Blade cross section.
-
Figure 6-14. Blade attachment.
-
Figure 6-15. Drive train for typical medium-sized wind turbine.
-
Figure 6-16. DC generator.
-
Figure 6-17. Techniques for generating utility-compatible electricity.
-
Figure 6-18. Halladay rosette or umbrella mill.
-
Figure 6-19. Horizontal furling.
-
Figure 6-20 Vertical furling.
-
Figure 6-21. Variable-geometry H-rotor.
-
Figure 6-22. Jacobs flyball governor.
-
Figure 6-23. Blade-actuated governor.
-
Figure 6-24. Pitch weights.
-
Figure 6-25. Enertech popularized the use of tip brakes for overspeed protection
on downwind, induction wind machines.
-
Figure 6-26. Small Enertech wind turbine (1.8 kilowatts) in foreground
used tip brakes for overspeed protection.
-
Figure 6-27. The Bergey 1500 typifies today's integrated small wind machines:
upwind, direct drive, and self-furling.
-
Figure 6-28. The Aero3gen is one of the smallest wind machines on the market.
-
Figure 6-29. Battery charger.
-
Figure 6-30. Danish wind power plant.
-
Figure 7-1. Left: Free-standing truss tower (13-meter, Enertech E-44).
-
Center: Free-standing tubular tower commonly used on medium-sized European
wind machines (15-meter Micon). Right: Guyed pole tower without guys
-
(10-meter Fayette). (Pacific Gas & Electric Co.)
-
Figure 7-2. Guyed lattice tower.
-
Figure 7-3. Guyed tubular tower.
-
Figure 7-4. Silo mounting.
-
Figure 7-5. Free-standing tower of steel well casing supporting a farm
windmill.
-
Figure 7-6. Small windcharger used for cathodic protection of a pipeline
atop a wooden utility pole.
-
Figure 7-7. Hinged free-standing tubular tower.
-
Figure 8-1. Two of the most popular windchargers on the American Great
Plains were Wincharger (left) and Jacobs (right).
-
Figure 10-1. Utility transformers and capacitors.
-
Figure 10-2. True and apparent power.
-
Figure 10-3. Dump circuit.
-
Figure 11-1. Means of using wind machines in stand-alone applications.
-
Figure 11-2. Hybrid power system.
-
Figure 11-3. Annual average peak sun hours per day.
-
Figure 11-4. Photovoltaic or solar cells are built in modules.
-
Figure 11-5. Suggested battery and inverter placement.
-
Figure 11-6. Utility backup.
-
Figure 11-7. Hybrid power system for telecommunications.
-
Figure 11-8. One scheme for using small wind turbines to serve a variety
of loads in a village electrification program.
-
Figure 12-1. Pumping head nomenclature.
-
Figure 12-2. Most farm windmills are back-geared, that is, the rotor turns
several revolutions per pump stroke. (Aermotor Windmill Co.)
-
Figure 12-3. Wind-electric pumping.
-
Figure 12-4. Farm windmill and storage tank.
-
Figure 12-5. Hybrid wind pumping system.
-
Figure 12-6. Wind-assisted irrigation.
-
Figure 13-1. Trailing streamers from a kite is a simple yet effective way
of detecting turbulence. (Battelle PNL)
-
Figure 13-2. Zone of disturbed flow.
-
Figure 14-1. Concrete anchor detail.
-
Figure 14-2. Concrete pier detail.
-
Figure 14-3. Expanding anchor installation.
-
Figure 14-4. Screw anchor installation.
-
Figure 14-5. Rock anchor installation.
-
Figure 14-6. Guy cable positioning.
-
Figure 14-7. Installing a guyed lattice tower one section at a time with
a tower-mounted gin pole.
-
Figure 14-8. Installing gin pole on truss tower.
-
Figure 14-9. Erecting truss tower with crane.
-
Figure 14-10. Tower assembly tools.
-
Figure 14-11. Erecting hinged tower with gin pole and winch.
-
Figure 14-12. Tower conduit assembly.
-
Figure 14-13. Utilities often require a lockable disconnect switch on the
service entrance from the wind machine.
-
Figure 15-1. Utilities usually require line drawings such as this before
they will permit an interconnection.
-
Figure 15-2. Control box and service panel.
-
Figure 16-1. Servicing the fan tail on a medium-sized wind turbine (12.5-meter
Aeroman) in California. Note work platform.
-
Figure 16-2. Small wind turbines seldom offer the convenience and safety
of a work platform.
-
Figure 16-3. Sliding sleeve fall protection system.
-
Figure 17-1. Wind turbines can be beneficial to utilities by strengthening
weak distribution systems when placed at the end of long transmission
-
lines.
|
|
