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Wind Energy for the Rest of Us (2016)
Wind Basics (2009)
Wind Power (2004)
Wind in View (2002)
Wind Energy (1995)
Praise for Wind Energy
Topics
Contents
Tables
Illustrations
Excerpts
Corrections
Other Languages
Book Reviews
Illustrations in Wind Energy Comes of Age
Figure I-1. Wind turbines in juxtaposition to conventional power plants.
Figure 1-1. World Wind Generation.
Figure 1-2. North American Wind Capacity.
Figure 1-3. European Wind Capacity.
Figure 1-4. Major Centers of Wind Generation.
Figure 1-5. New Installations.
Figure 1-6. North American and European Wind Generation.
Figure 1-7. Interconnected Applications.
Figure 1-8. Clusters.
Figure 1-9. Rectilinear Arrays.
Figure 1-10. Linear Arrays.
Figure 1-11. Ridgetop Arrays.
Figure 1-12. Models of Wind Development.
Figure 1-13. Small Wind Turbine.
Figure 1-14. Stand-Alone Wind Machines.
Figure 1-15. Nomadic Micro-Turbine.
Figure 1-16. Hybrid Power System.
Figure 1-17. End of the Line.
Figure 1-18. Pumping Water.
Figure 1-19. Wind-Assisted Irrigation.
Figure 1-20. Wind Furnace.
Figure 1-21. Windpowered Transportation.
Figure 1-22. California Wind Capacity.
Figure 1-23. European Wind Generation.
Figure 2-1. Wind turbine under test at Denmark's Risø National Laboratory.
Figure 2-2. Danish Wind Generation.
Figure 2-3. 1993 Specific Price.
Figure 3-1. Government R&D Expenditures.
Figure 3-2. Market Incentives.
Figure 3-3. Danish Wind Turbine Exports.
Figure 3-4. Smith-Putnam.
Figure 3-5. AWT. R. Lynette Assoc.'s 26-meter (85-foot) Advanced Wind Turbine undergoing tests near Tehachapi, Calif.
Figure 3-6. FloWind Darrieus.
Figure 3-7. Lift Translator.
Figure 4-1. Rotor Diameter and Swept Area.
Figure 4-2. Goliaths.
Figure 4-3. Commercial Derivatives.
Figure 4-4. Nibe Twins.
Figure 4-5. Tvind.
Figure 5-1. Persian Panemone.
Figure 5-2. English Post Mill.
Figure 5-3. Multiblade Farm Windmill.
Figure 5-4. Flint & Walling Star Zephyr.
Figure 5-5. Wincharger.
Figure 5-6. 1980s Jacobs.
Figure 5-7. Technology Pathways for Small Wind Turbines.
Figure 5-8. Furling.
Figure 5-9. Micro Turbine.
Figure 5-10. Bergey 1500, An Integrated, Direct-Drive Small Wind Turbine.
Figure 5-11. Specific Rotor & Nacelle Mass for Small Wind Turbines.
Figure 5-12. Production Economies.
Figure 6-1. Rayleigh Wind Speed Distribution.
Figure 6-2. Increase in Wind Speed with Height.
Figure 6-3. Increase in Wind Power with Height.
Figure 6-4. Typical First-Generation Danish Wind Turbine.
Figure 6-5. Increasing Size.
Figure 6-6. Relative Size.
Figure 6-7. Sample Power Curves for 500 kW Wind Turbines.
Figure 6-8. Fayette 95-IIS.
Figure 6-9. Power Curve and Annual Energy Output.
Figure 6-10. Typical Specific Yields.
Figure 6-11. Equivalent Capacity Factor.
Figure 6-12. Availability.
Figure 6-13. Specific Yield in California and Denmark.
Figure 6-14. Horizontal and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines.
Figure 6-15. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Configurations.
Figure 6-16. Experimental Three-Bladed Darrieus.
Figure 6-17. Bi-Blade Darrieus.
Figure 6-18. Technological Pathways for Medium-sized Darrieus Turbines.
Figure 6-19. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Configurations.
Figure 6-20. Typical Second-Generation European Wind Turbine.
Figure 6-21. Technological Pathways for HAWTs.
Figure 6-22. Specific Rotor & Nacelle Mass.
Figure 6-23. Carter 300.
Figure 6-24. Carter Sr. Wind Eagle.
Figure 6-25. Storm Master.
Figure 6-26. Windtech.
Figure 6-27. ESI-54.
Figure 6-28. Integrated Drive Train.
Figure 6-29. First Generation Drive-Train.
Figure 6-30 U.S. Windpower 56-100.
Figure 6-31. Vestas V27.
Figure 6-32. Bonus Combi.
Figure 6-33. Bonus 450.
Figure 6-34. Ship or Bulkhead Frame.
Figure 6-35. Taper and Twist.
Figure 6-36. Airfoil.
Figure 6-37. V27 Blade.
Figure 6-38. Rotor Blade Mass.
Figure 6-39. Overspeed Control.
Figure 6-40. WEG MS-3.
Figure 6-41. Pitchable Blade Tips.
Figure 6-42. Variable Pitch Blade Tips.
Figure 6-43. Ailerons or Flaps.
Figure 6-44. Utility-Compatible Wind Machines.
Figure 6-45. Dual Generators.
Figure 6-46. U.S. Windpower 33M VS.
Figure 6-47. Servicing Enertech E-44 near Palm Springs, Calif.
Figure 7-1. Wind Power Plant Price.
Figure 7-2. Operation, Maintenance, and Fuel Costs.
Figure 7-3. Relative Cost of Wind Energy in California and Denmark.
Figure 7-4. Relative Installed Price by Rotor Swept Area.
Figure 7-5. Effect of Installed Cost on the Relative Cost of Energy.
Figure 7-6. Levelized Cost of Electricity.
Figure 8-1. Thyholmer Pilsner.
Figure 8-2. Windmill Tower.
Figure 8-3. Urban Windmill.
Figure 8-4. Acceptance of Wind Energy.
Figure 8-5. Information Kiosk.
Figure 8-6. Power Plant Acceptance.
Figure 8-7. Acceptance Distance.
Figure 8-8. Power Plant Preference.
Figure 8-9. Tandpibe-Velling Marsk.
Figure 8-10. Box on a Stick.
Figure 8-11. Aesthetically Pleasing Designs.
Figure 8-12. Lattice Tower Shape.
Figure 8-13. Wind Turbine sans Nose Cone.
Figure 8-14. Visual Influence Zones.
Figure 8-15. Visual Clutter.
Figure 8-16. Visual Density.
Figure 8-17. Linear Uniformity.
Figure 8-18. Visual Units.
Figure 8-19. Non-uniform Tower Height.
Figure 8-20. Iconography of North German Plain.
Figure 8-21. Ancillary Structures.
Figure 8-22. Visually pleasing hilltop array.
Figure 8-23. Scarring from Road Cut.
Figure 8-24. Rhyd y Groes, Wales.
Figure 8-25. Ebeltoft Harbor.
Figure 8-26. Cooperative Membership Meeting.
Figure 10-1. Noise Contours.
Figure 10-2. Noise Footprint.
Figure 10-3. Source Sound Power Level.
Figure 10-4. Treating Trailing Edge.
Figure 10-5. Bonus Tip Torpedo.
Figure 10-6. Projected Noise Level.
Figure 10-7. Projected Noise Level from Bonus Combi.
Figure 11-1. Land Disturbed.
Figure 11-2. McVentis.
Figure 11-3. Dike Path.
Figure 11-4. Lunch Break on Pacific Crest Trail.
Figure 11-5. Wind Energy and Cropland.
Figure 11-6. Delabole Hedgerows.
Figure 11-7. British Road Construction.
Figure 11-8. Farm Track.
Figure 11-9. Unnecessary Grading.
Figure 11-10. Pleasing Ridge-Top Array.
Figure 12-1. Tourism at Delabole.
Figure 12-2. School Group at Ebeltoft.
Figure 12-3. Tourism at Zaanse Schans.
Figure 13-1. Solar Energy in California.
Figure 14-1. U.S. Wind Energy Potential.
Figure 14-2. Fiberglass Flowers.